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內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航：1、歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)：速成課堂 天文篇- 04 月相 Moon Phases-Crash Course Astronomy2、歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)，歡迎回家的英語(yǔ)是什么

1、歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)：速成課堂 天文篇- 04 月相 Moon Phases-Crash Course Astronomy

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Besides the Sun, the Moon is the most obvious object in the sky.

除了太陽(yáng)，天空中最明顯的物體就是月亮。

Bright, silvery, with tantalizing features on its face, it's been the target of imagination, poetry, science, and even the occasional rocket.

它明亮耀眼、銀光閃爍，惹人遐思，是人們想象、歌頌、研究的對(duì)象。

If you pay even the most cursory attention to it, you'll see that it changes every day; sometimes it's up in the day, sometimes at night, and its shape is always changing.

如果你稍加留意，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮每天都在變化，有時(shí)白天出現(xiàn)，有時(shí)晚上出現(xiàn)，形狀也不斷變化。

What causes this behavior?

是什么導(dǎo)致了這種現(xiàn)象呢？

The Moon is basically a giant ball of rock 3500 kilometers across hanging in space.

月球基本上就是一個(gè)懸掛在太空中、直徑3500公里的巨大的巖石球。

Its surface is actually pretty dark, with about the same reflectivity as a chalkboard or asphalt.

它的表面其實(shí)非常暗淡，只有大約相當(dāng)于黑板或者瀝青的反射率。

However, it looks bright to us because it's sitting in full sunlight; the Sun illuminates it, and it reflects that light down to us here on Earth.

然而，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，它看起來(lái)很明亮，因?yàn)樗逶≡诔渥愕奶?yáng)光中；太陽(yáng)照亮月球，而月球?qū)⒐饩€反射到地球上。

And because it's a sphere, and orbiting the Earth, the way we see it lit by the Sun changes with time.

又因?yàn)樵铝脸是驙睿依@著地球轉(zhuǎn)，所以我們所看見(jiàn)的月球被照亮的方式會(huì)隨時(shí)間變化。

That's what causes its phases: geometry.

這就是月相形成的原因：幾何學(xué)。

The important thing to remember through all this is, because the Moon is a ball and in space, half of it is always illuminated by the Sun!

始終要記住的是，由于月亮是太空中的一個(gè)球體，它的一半永遠(yuǎn)被太陽(yáng)照亮。

This is true for the Earth, too, and every spherical object in space; half faces the Sun, half faces away.

地球也一樣，任何太空中的球狀物都如此，它們一半面朝太陽(yáng)，一半背朝太陽(yáng)。

We call the part facing the Sun the daylight or bright side, and the half facing away the night or dark side.

我們稱(chēng)面對(duì)太陽(yáng)的部分為日照面或亮面，稱(chēng)背對(duì)太陽(yáng)的一面夜晚面或暗面。

The phase of the Moon refers to what shape the Moon appears to us; how much of it we see illuminated from the Earth.

月相指在我們看來(lái)月亮是什么形狀，即從地球上能看到的被照亮的部分有多少。

The key to all this is this line, dividing the lit day side from the unlit night side.

理解月相的關(guān)鍵就是月球明暗面的分界線。

We call that line the terminator.

我們稱(chēng)之為晨昏線。

If you're facing the moon, with the sun behind you, you're seeing the half of the moon that is fully illuminated by sunlight and it looks full.

如果你正對(duì)月球，同時(shí)太陽(yáng)在你身后，你就會(huì)看見(jiàn)完整的月球被照亮的一面，即滿月。

If you're off to the side you see half of the lit side and half of the dark side and we say the moon is half full.

如果你側(cè)對(duì)月球，就會(huì)看見(jiàn)一半亮面和一半暗面，即半滿月。

If the sun is on the other side of the moon, you're look at the unlit half, and it looks dark.

如果太陽(yáng)在月球背面，你就會(huì)看到月球沒(méi)被照亮的一面。

Now, mind you, I haven't moved anything except our point of view here, so at all times the Moon is always half lit, and half dark.

現(xiàn)在我要提醒你，我沒(méi)有移動(dòng)任何東西，僅僅改變了我們觀察月亮的角度。

Remember that.

要記住這一點(diǎn)。

The phase of the Moon we see depends on from what direction the sunlight's hitting it, and the angle we see that from Earth.

我們看到的月相取決于陽(yáng)光照射的方向，以及我們從地球上看月亮的角度。

The Moon orbits the Earth roughly once per month.

月球大約每月繞地球一周。

In fact, that's where the word "month" comes from; "month" and "Moon" are cognates, words that have similar etymological histories, and in most languages, including English, the two words are very similar.

事實(shí)上，這就是英文中“月份”（month）這個(gè)詞的由來(lái)；“month”和“Moon”是同源詞，它們有著相似的詞源歷史，在包括英語(yǔ)在內(nèi)的大多數(shù)語(yǔ)言中，這兩個(gè)詞都非常相似。

The length of time we call the month is derived from the length of time it takes the Moon to go through all its phases — 29.5 days.

我們稱(chēng)為一個(gè)月的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度來(lái)源于月亮經(jīng)歷所有月相所需的時(shí)間——29.5天。

So. To describe the phases, let's start at the beginning: New Moon.

那么，為了描述月相，讓我們從頭開(kāi)始：朔月。

New Moon happens when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are all more or less in a line.

朔月在太陽(yáng)、月亮和地球基本在一條直線上的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)。

The Moon's orbit is actually tipped a bit to the Earth's, so sometimes new Moon happens when the Moon is "below" the Sun, or "above" it.

月球的軌道實(shí)際上略朝地球偏斜，所以有時(shí)朔月會(huì)發(fā)生在月球處于太陽(yáng)下方或上方的時(shí)候。

But at some point in its orbit, at some point in the month, it appears to be as close to the Sun as it can.

但是在每月的某個(gè)時(shí)刻，在月球軌道上總有某個(gè)點(diǎn)會(huì)距太陽(yáng)最近。

What does this look like from Earth?

此時(shí)月亮是什么樣子的呢？

The Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, so from our perspective we only see the dark half, the unilluminated half, of the Moon.

月亮正處于地球和太陽(yáng)之間，所以從我們的角度上只能看見(jiàn)月亮的暗面，即不被照亮的一面。

The other side, the far side, of the Moon is lit, but we can't see it.

而另外一側(cè)，距我們較遠(yuǎn)的一側(cè)，月亮正被照亮，但我們看不見(jiàn)它。

It makes sense then to call this the beginning of the Moon's cycle, hence the term "New Moon".

人們把這個(gè)月相周期的起始成為“朔月”是名副其實(shí)的。

Now think about this for a sec: because the Moon is near the Sun in the sky, it travels across the sky with the Sun.

現(xiàn)在想一下：當(dāng)月球在天空中離太陽(yáng)很近的時(shí)候，它會(huì)隨著太陽(yáng)一起劃過(guò)天空。

It's up during the day!

這意味著它將在白天出現(xiàn)！

You can only see it from the part of the Earth that's lit, which is when it's daytime.

你只能在地球被照亮的一面，也就是白天看到月亮。

It's a very common misconception that the Moon is only up at night, but it's up during the day literally just as often.

月亮只在夜晚出現(xiàn)是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的誤解，其實(shí)它在白天和在晚上出現(xiàn)一樣常見(jiàn)。

At New Moon, the Moon stays near the Sun, so it rises at sunrise, and sets at sunset.

朔月時(shí)，月亮靠近太陽(yáng)，所以它在日出時(shí)升起，日落時(shí)落下。

This makes it extremely difficult to see; it is, after all, sitting next to the brightest object in the sky, and only a little bit of it is lit from our perspective.

這導(dǎo)致月亮很難被看到，畢竟它正呆在天空中最亮的物體邊上，并且從地球上只能看到非常小的被照亮的部分。

But not for long.

不用多久。

Because the Moon is orbiting the Earth, after a couple of days it's moved a bit to the east.

由于月球繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)，幾天后它向東移動(dòng)了一點(diǎn)。

Now we're seeing it along a slight angle, and we can see a little bit of the illuminated half of the Moon on its side toward the Sun.

現(xiàn)在我們沿一個(gè)小小的角度看向月亮，就能看見(jiàn)它面朝太陽(yáng)被照亮的一部分。

The terminator, the day/night line, appears curved around the Moon, so what we see is a thin illuminated crescent Moon.

晨昏線，即晝夜線，在月球周?chē)是€狀，所以我們看到的是一彎窄窄的新月。

At this point, the crescent is still very thin, with the horns of the crescent pointing away from the Sun.

此時(shí)，月亮很窄，月牙凸起的角指向遠(yuǎn)離太陽(yáng)的地方。

Note that the Moon is still pretty close to the Sun in the sky, just a bit to the east, rising maybe an hour or two after sunrise.

注意月亮此時(shí)在天空中仍然十分靠近太陽(yáng)，只偏東一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，它在日出前后一小時(shí)左右升起。

But this means it's up all day, and then sets after the Sun does.

也就是說(shuō)它整個(gè)白天都在空中，然后在日落后落下。

This is the best time to see the crescent Moon, when the Sun has already set and the sky starts to get dark.

此時(shí)是最適合觀察新月的時(shí)間，即太陽(yáng)下山，天空開(kāi)始變暗的時(shí)候。

The Moon will be low over the western horizon, and it will set soon after the Sun does.

此時(shí)月亮?xí)蛻以谖髅娴牡仄骄€之上，并在太陽(yáng)下山后很快也會(huì)落下。

Let's wait a couple of days.

讓我們稍等幾天。

OK, now the Moon has moved a bit more in its orbit around the Earth, and is farther from the Sun in the sky.

好了，現(xiàn)在月球又沿著軌道移動(dòng)了一點(diǎn)，離太陽(yáng)更遠(yuǎn)了。

We see a little more of the illuminated part, and the crescent is wider.

我們能看到更多被照亮的部分，新月更寬了。

Since it's getting thicker, we say this is a "waxing crescent" Moon; waxing means growing or getting bigger.

由于它變寬了，我們就稱(chēng)之為“娥眉月”；“waxing”在英文中有生長(zhǎng)、變大的意思。

It's also well away from the Sun now, so it's easier to spot, even during the day before sunset.

現(xiàn)在它離太陽(yáng)也更遠(yuǎn)，所以更容易被看到，即使是在日落之前的白晝也能看到。

Seven or so days after new Moon, we get to our first milestone: the Moon is now one-quarter of the way around its orbit.

在朔月后七天左右，我們就到達(dá)了第一個(gè)里程碑：月球現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)繞其軌道運(yùn)行了四分之一的路程。

It's 90° away from the Sun in the sky, which means we're looking straight down on the terminator, the Moon's day/night line.

它與天空中的太陽(yáng)形成90度夾角，這意味著我們正直視著晨昏線，即月亮的晝夜線。

It cuts right down the middle of the visible face of the Moon, so it's half lit, with the sunward side of the Moon visible and the other side dark.

它正好把月球可見(jiàn)的一面分成兩半，所以月亮半亮半暗，朝向太陽(yáng)的一半可見(jiàn)，另一半黑暗。

Confusingly, this phase is properly named "first quarter" because the Moon is one quarter of the way through its cycle, one quarter of the way through its orbit around the Earth, even though it looks half full.

容易混淆的是，英文中這個(gè)月相成為“四分之一月”，這個(gè)名稱(chēng)是正確的，因?yàn)樵虑蛘?jīng)過(guò)了四分之一的周期，運(yùn)行了繞地球軌道的四分之一，雖然它看起來(lái)是半滿的。

So it's not really the half-full moon — astronomers prefer "first quarter," so if you want to sound all astronomery, then you should call it that.

但它實(shí)際上不是半滿月——天文學(xué)家更喜歡稱(chēng)之為“四分之一”月，所以如果你想要聽(tīng)起來(lái)像個(gè)天文學(xué)家，在英文中就這么叫它。（中文叫上弦月）

But time marches on.

時(shí)間是會(huì)流逝的。

The Moon continues on its gravitational dance with Earth, swinging around its orbit.

月球繼續(xù)與地球引力共舞，繞其軌道旋轉(zhuǎn)。

Now more than half full, we say its shape is "gibbous", which means swollen or convex.

現(xiàn)在月亮已經(jīng)超過(guò)了半滿，我們就稱(chēng)這個(gè)形狀為“凸月”，英文中“gibbous”的意思是腫起或凸起的意思。

Since it's getting wider, this is actually the waxing gibbous phase of the Moon.

由于月亮正變得越來(lái)越寬，實(shí)際上這是“盈凸”月相。

It rises in the late afternoon, and is up most of the night.

它在傍晚時(shí)升起，幾乎整個(gè)夜晚都在空中。

Our next big step comes two weeks after new Moon, when it's moved halfway through its orbit.

下一個(gè)重要步驟發(fā)生在朔月兩周之后，此時(shí)月亮已經(jīng)走完了一半的軌道。

It is now opposite the Sun in the sky, 180° around.

它現(xiàn)在與太陽(yáng)在天空中的位置相反，是180度。

The Earth is between the Moon and Sun, so we're looking at the fully-illuminated half of the Moon.

地球在它們中間，所以我們能看見(jiàn)月球完整的被照亮的一面。

This is the full Moon.

這就是滿月。

Because it's opposite the Sun, it rises at sunset and sets and sunrise; it's up all night shining down on the Earth.

因?yàn)樗菍?duì)著太陽(yáng)的，它在日落時(shí)升起，在日落時(shí)落下，在日出時(shí)升起；整夜都照耀著大地。

But again, wait a couple of days and things change.

再過(guò)幾天，事情繼續(xù)變化。

When the Moon is full, it's 180° around the sky from the Sun, so as it continues to move around the Earth in a circle the distance between it and the Sun is now starting to decrease, even as it continues on in the same direction.

滿月時(shí)，月亮與太陽(yáng)呈180°，所以當(dāng)月亮繼續(xù)繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候，它與太陽(yáng)之間的距離就開(kāi)始縮小，即使它是在繼續(xù)朝著同一個(gè)方向運(yùn)行。

As before, it keeps rising and setting later, but now it rises after sunset, and sets after sunrise.

和以前一樣，月亮起落的時(shí)間繼續(xù)推遲，現(xiàn)在它在日落之后升起，在日出之后落下。

If you get up early in the morning as the Sun is just rising in the east, you'll see the nearly-but-not-quite full Moon setting in the west.

如果你早上起得很早，在太陽(yáng)剛從東方升起之時(shí)起床，你就會(huì)看到幾乎是滿月的月亮正在西方落下。

Not only that, but we're about to go through all the phases again, but in reverse order.

不僅如此，我們馬上就要以相反的順序再次經(jīng)歷各個(gè)月相。

A few days after full Moon, the lit side is shrinking.

滿月的幾天之后，月亮開(kāi)始縮窄。

It's in the waning, or shrinking, gibbous phase.

處于“虧突”的狀態(tài)。

Then, three weeks or so after new Moon, and a week after full, the Moon is once again half lit, the terminator splitting the Moon's face in two even halves.

朔月三周，即滿月一周后，月亮再次半滿，晨昏線把月亮分成兩半。

This is the "third quarter" Moon, because the Moon is three quarters of the way through its cycle.

在英文中稱(chēng)為“四分之三”月（中文下弦月），因?yàn)樵铝磷哌^(guò)了其四分之三的周期。

It's a lot like the first quarter, but the side that was lit is now dark, and vice versa.

雖然看起來(lái)像上弦月，但實(shí)際上明暗面對(duì)調(diào)了。

It's 270° around the sky from the Sun.

它與太陽(yáng)呈270度角。

It rises at midnight and sets at noon.

在午夜時(shí)升起，正午落下。

A few days later and the Moon is a crescent again, getting thinner.

幾天后，月亮繼續(xù)變窄。

It's now a "waning crescent."

成為殘?jiān)隆?/p>

It rises just a couple of hours before sunrise, and sets a couple of hours before sunset.

它在日出前幾小時(shí)升起，在日落前幾小時(shí)落下。

Then, finally, we're back where we started.

最后，我們又回到起始點(diǎn)。

One month after new Moon, the Moon has traveled 360° around the sky, and is once again as close to the Sun as it can get.

朔月一個(gè)月后，月亮走了360度，再一次達(dá)到距太陽(yáng)最近的點(diǎn)。

It's new Moon, and the cycle starts up again as it has for time immemorial.

又成了朔月，繼續(xù)這個(gè)始于遠(yuǎn)古的循環(huán)。

An interesting thing happens if you move your perspective from the Earth to the Moon.

如果你把視角從地球移到月球，會(huì)發(fā)生一件有趣的事情。

The phases of the Moon we see from Earth depend on the angle of the Moon and Sun in the sky.

我們從地球上看到的月相取決于月球和太陽(yáng)在天空中形成的角度。

But on the Moon, the angles are exactly 180° reversed; at new Moon, when the Moon is between the Earth and Sun, the Earth is opposite the Sun as seen from the Moon.

但在月球上，這個(gè)角度正好反了180°；朔月時(shí)，月亮在地球和太陽(yáng)之間時(shí)，而從月球上看，地球和太陽(yáng)位置相反。

It's full Earth!

這是“滿地”！

All the other phases are opposite too, so when we see a full Moon, a Moon-dweller would see a new Earth, and so on.

其他月相也都相反，當(dāng)我們?cè)诘厍蛏峡吹綕M月時(shí)，在月球上會(huì)看見(jiàn)“滿地”，以此類(lèi)推。

Have you ever looked at the thin crescent Moon and seen the ghostly face of the rest of the unlit side?

你是否曾經(jīng)覺(jué)得能夠在娥眉月時(shí)隱約看見(jiàn)月亮沒(méi)被照亮的一面？

That's because it's not really unlit: the nearly full Earth is reflecting sunlight on the Moon, lighting up the otherwise dark part.

這是因?yàn)樗⒎峭耆也坏焦饩€：“滿地”正陽(yáng)光反射向月球，照亮了月球本該黑暗的一面。

The Earth is bigger and more reflective than the Moon, so it's actually 50 times brighter than a full Moon!

地球比月球更大，反射能力更強(qiáng)，所以它的亮度實(shí)際上是滿月的50倍！

This glow is called Earthshine, a term I quite like.

這種光叫做地球反照（Earthshine），我很喜歡這個(gè)詞。

Even more poetically, it's been called "the old Moon in the new Moon's arms", referring to the unlit part surrounded by the crescent new Moon's horns.

更有詩(shī)意的說(shuō)法是“新月臂彎中的舊月”，指的是被包圍在新月彎中的黑暗部分。

That's lovely, isn't it?

很可愛(ài)，不是嗎？

The Moon is one of the most beautiful and most gratifying objects in the sky to observe.

月亮是天空中最美麗、最可愛(ài)的物體之一。

It's different every day!

它每天都不一樣！

Yet it's also the same, because we see, more or less, the same half of it, the same face all the time.

但它卻又是一樣的，因?yàn)榛旧衔覀兛吹降氖冀K是月球相同的一面。

It's big and bright, and the features on its surface discernible by eye (and even better with binoculars or a small telescope).

它又大又亮，表面的特征用肉眼就能分辨出來(lái)（當(dāng)然用雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡或小型望遠(yuǎn)鏡就更好了）。

As the phases change, inexorably, day after day, the angle of sunlight hitting the surface changes, bringing new things into our view.

隨著月相的變化，日復(fù)一日，陽(yáng)光照射地面的角度也在變化，把新的事物帶入我們的視野。

The motions become comforting, even familiar.

這種變化讓人感到熟悉、舒適。

It's a reminder that the Universe may seem strange and complicated and forbidding at first, but over time, as you get outside and experience it, it becomes your neighborhood.

它提醒我們，宇宙起初可能看起來(lái)陌生、復(fù)雜、令人生畏，但隨著時(shí)間的推移，當(dāng)你走到外面去體驗(yàn)它時(shí)，它就變成了你的鄰居。

Welcome home.

歡迎回家。

Today you learned why the Moon has phases: It's a sphere, and it orbits the Earth, so the angle at which we see its lit side changes.

今天你學(xué)習(xí)了為什么月球有不同的相位：因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)球體，它圍繞著地球運(yùn)行，所以我們看向它被陽(yáng)光照亮的一面的角度會(huì)變化。

It goes from new, to waxing crescent, to half full, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, half full, waning crescent, and then the cycle starts all over again.

依次經(jīng)過(guò)朔月、娥眉月、上弦月、盈凸月、滿月、虧凸月、下弦月、殘?jiān)拢h(huán)往復(fù)。

This also affects when it rises and sets, and what we see on the surface.

這也影響月亮何時(shí)升起落下，以及我們能在它的表面看到什么。

Crash Course is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios.

Crash Course 是與 PBS 數(shù)字工作室聯(lián)合制作的。

This episode was written by me, Phil Plait.

我是菲爾·普萊特，這一集是由我創(chuàng)作的。

The script was edited by Blake de Pastino, and our consultant is Dr. Michelle Thaller.

腳本由 Blake de Pastino 編輯，我們的顧問(wèn)是 Michelle Thaller 博士。

It was co-directed by Nicholas Jenkins and Michael Aranda, and the graphics team is Thought Café.

本片由尼古拉斯·詹金斯(Nicholas Jenkins)和邁克爾·阿蘭達(dá)(Michael Aranda)聯(lián)合執(zhí)導(dǎo)，視頻畫(huà)面團(tuán)隊(duì)是 Thought Cafe。

2、歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)，歡迎回家的英語(yǔ)是什么

歡迎回家的英語(yǔ)：Welcome Home，讀音：英[?welk?m h?um]，美[?w?lk?m hom]，我來(lái)為大家科普一下關(guān)于歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)?以下內(nèi)容希望對(duì)你有幫助!

歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)

歡迎回家的英語(yǔ)：Welcome Home，讀音：英[?welk?m h?um]，美[?w?lk?m hom]。

例句：All we wanna say is: welcome home!其實(shí)我們都想表達(dá)一個(gè)意思：歡迎回家！

welcome的意思：vt.歡迎；樂(lè)于接受。adj.受歡迎的；令人愉悅的；表示感謝的。n.歡迎，迎接。

home的意思：n. 家；家庭；收容所；棲息地；發(fā)源地。adv. 在家；回家；在國(guó)內(nèi)；回國(guó)；正中目標(biāo)。adj. 家用的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；總部的；（比賽）主場(chǎng)的。v. 提供住處；朝向。

本文關(guān)鍵詞：歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)，爸爸歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)，歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)，歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō) 口語(yǔ)，歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)的小視頻。這就是關(guān)于《歡迎回家用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)，Phases-Crash》的所有內(nèi)容，希望對(duì)您能有所幫助！更多的知識(shí)請(qǐng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注《犇涌向乾》百科知識(shí)網(wǎng)站：！